Bicipital tenosynovitis in dogs.

Bicipital tenosynovitis is a common cause of forelimb lameness in dogs. It typically occurs in medium-sized or large, middle-aged or older animals. A history of chronic, progressive or intermittent, moderate to severe weight-bearing lameness that is exacerbated by exercise is often reported, and in most instances, an inciting cause is not identified. Diagnosis requires a planned and systematic approach and is often challenging. Medical and surgical therapies exist, but definitive recommendations regarding the optimum treatment modalities have not been fully established. The prognosis for dogs with bicipital tenosynovitis is generally good to excellent in animals that undergo surgical therapy; however, long-term follow-up of clinical patients is limited.